Arabesk
Arabesk is the Turkish popular music style that crystallised in the 1970s around *Orhan Gencebay*, fusing Arabic melodic modes and ornamentation with Turkish folk and art-music instruments, Western strings and rhythm sections, and lyrics of fatalistic longing. Sung by and for migrants who had moved from Anatolia to Istanbul and other cities, it was long disdained by state broadcaster TRT yet dominated cassettes, films and urban nightlife. Singers including *M眉sl眉m G眉rses*, *Ferdi Tayfur* and *陌brahim Tatl谋ses* made arabesk the defining popular sound of working-class Turkey, and its influence persists across Turkish pop.