Chopped and Screwed

Chopped and screwed is a remixing style from Houston, Texas, in which hip hop recordings are slowed to roughly 60 to 70 beats per minute ("screwed") and manipulated with skipping, repetition and scratch techniques ("chopping"). Created by *DJ Screw* in the early 1990s and circulated on his grey-and-black Screwed Up Click mixtapes, the method stretches vocals into a deep, slurred drawl and gives beats a heavy, narcotic weight associated with the city's lean scene. Screwed versions became the default format of Houston rap through *Big Moe*, *Fat Pat*, *E.S.G.* and the *Screwed Up Click*.