Dubwise Drum and Bass

Dubwise drum and bass is the reggae-rooted wing of jungle and drum and bass, in which dub production values, soundsystem culture and Jamaican vocal styles govern the faster breakbeat format. Tracks are built around deep, spacious basslines mixed with dub techniques of echo, delay and drop-out, topped by toasting, singing or samples from reggae records. Descended directly from the ragga jungle of the mid-1990s, the style was codified in the 2000s and 2010s by *Congo Natty*, *Benny Page*, *Serial Killaz* and *Marcus Visionary*, who treated the soundsystem session, rather than the rave, as the music's natural setting.