Mūsīqā lubnāniyya

Mūsīqā lubnāniyya, the art music of Lebanon, centres on Beirut's twentieth-century synthesis of Arabic maqam melody, tarab aesthetics and Western orchestration. Its defining institution was the Rahbani Brothers' musical theatre, built around the voice of *Fairuz*, whose recordings with composers *Assi Rahbani* and *Mansour Rahbani* joined folk material, Arabic classical forms and European harmony. The repertory spans oud-led takht textures, large string orchestras and piano, and later generations from *Ziad Rahbani* to *Marcel Khalife* extended it toward jazz, protest song and modern Arabic pop.