South American Music

South American music is the continental umbrella for the traditions of South America's twelve nations, formed from Indigenous, European and African sources in distinct regional combinations. It includes the Andean folk repertories of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, built on quena and zampoña flutes and charango; the Afro-Brazilian complex of samba, forró and maracatu; the tango of the Río de la Plata; Chilean and Argentine folk song; and the Colombian and Venezuelan llanera traditions. Twentieth-century movements — bossa nova, tropicália, nueva canción — carried these sources into popular music worldwide through figures such as *Violeta Parra*, *Ástor Piazzolla* and *João Gilberto*.