Southern African Music

Southern African music spans the traditions of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and their neighbors, a region noted for close vocal harmony and cyclical instrumental patterns. South Africa contributes the mbube and isicathamiya choral styles of *Ladysmith Black Mambazo*, the jazz of *Hugh Masekela* and *Abdullah Ibrahim*, and mbaqanga; Zimbabwe answers with the mbira lamellophone music of *Stella Chiweshe* and the chimurenga guitar style of *Thomas Mapfumo*. Under apartheid and liberation struggles alike, singers such as *Miriam Makeba* made the region's music a vehicle of testimony heard worldwide.